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Ultimate Guide to Wood Fuel

Everything you need to know about using wood as a fuel: types, storage, burning, costs, sustainability, and more. Whether you're a new stove owner or a seasoned wood burner, this guide will help you get the most from your fuel.

  • Understand different wood fuels and their uses
  • Learn how to store and season wood for best results
  • Discover tips for efficient, clean burning
  • Find out about sustainability and certifications

Types of Wood Fuel

Wood fuel comes in many forms, each with its own advantages and best uses. Here are the most common types:

  • Logs: The classic choice for open fires and stoves. Best when seasoned or kiln-dried.
  • Briquettes: Made from compressed sawdust or wood chips. Burn hotter and longer than logs.
  • Pellets: Small, uniform pieces used in pellet stoves and boilers. Highly efficient and easy to store.
  • Chips: Used in larger biomass boilers, often for commercial or district heating.

Best Wood Species for Burning

  • Hardwoods: Oak, ash, beech, birch, and maple burn longer and hotter, producing less smoke.
  • Softwoods: Pine, spruce, and fir ignite easily but burn faster and can produce more creosote.

Always choose wood that is appropriate for your appliance and local regulations.

Seasoning & Moisture

Properly seasoned wood burns more efficiently, produces more heat, and creates less smoke. Here's what you need to know:

  • Seasoned Wood: Dried for at least 12-24 months, moisture content below 20%.
  • Kiln-Dried Wood: Dried in a controlled environment, usually to 10-20% moisture.
  • Green Wood: Freshly cut, high moisture, hard to burn, produces more smoke and creosote.

Use a moisture meter to check your logs. Never burn wood with a moisture content above 20%.

How to Season Wood

  1. Split logs to increase surface area.
  2. Stack wood off the ground in a sunny, ventilated area.
  3. Cover the top but leave sides open for airflow.
  4. Allow at least one year for most hardwoods.

Storage & Handling

Good storage keeps your wood dry, clean, and ready to burn. Here's how to do it right:

  • Store wood off the ground on pallets or a rack.
  • Keep stacks covered on top but open on the sides.
  • Allow air to circulate to prevent mold and rot.
  • Keep wood away from your home to avoid pests.

Indoor Storage Tips

  • Only bring in small amounts at a time.
  • Use a log basket or rack near your stove.
  • Never store large quantities indoors for safety.

Efficient Burning

To get the most heat and the least pollution from your wood, follow these tips:

  • Use dry, seasoned wood for best results.
  • Start fires with kindling and small logs, then add larger pieces.
  • Don't overload your stove or fireplace.
  • Maintain good airflow for a clean burn.
  • Clean your chimney regularly to prevent creosote buildup.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Burning wet or green wood.
  • Closing air vents too soon.
  • Using treated or painted wood (toxic fumes).

Costs & Value

Wood fuel can be very cost-effective, especially if you buy in bulk or source your own. Here's what affects the price:

  • Type of wood (hardwood vs softwood)
  • Moisture content (drier is better)
  • Form (logs, briquettes, pellets)
  • Delivery distance and quantity
  • Season (cheaper in summer)

How to Get the Best Value

  • Buy in bulk and store properly.
  • Compare suppliers and ask about certifications.
  • Look for local sources to save on delivery.

Sustainability & Certification

Sustainable wood fuel comes from responsibly managed forests. Look for these certifications:

  • FSC: Forest Stewardship Council
  • PEFC: Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
  • Ready to Burn: UK certification for dry, clean wood

Ask your supplier about the source of their wood and any certifications they hold.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is burning wood bad for the environment?

When sourced sustainably, wood is considered carbon-neutral. However, burning wet wood or using inefficient appliances can increase pollution.

What is the best wood for burning?

Hardwoods like oak, ash, and beech are best for long, hot burns. Softwoods are good for kindling and quick heat.

How do I know if my wood is dry enough?

Use a moisture meter. Wood should be below 20% moisture for best results.

Can I burn treated or painted wood?

No. Treated or painted wood releases toxic fumes and should never be burned.

Further Resources

For more help, contact your local supplier or a certified installer.